Explain different forms of power sharing in modern democracies.Give examples of each.

 There are a number of different forms of power sharing in moderndemocracies and these include:
• Horizontal power sharing 
This is when the different departments of a government share the power equally. The main three departments of any democratic government, that share the powers of a country are the executive department, the legislative department and the judiciary arm. These three arms of government have equal say in the running of the country and they generally work hand in hand, to make certain that each is running correctly, and fairly.
• Vertical power sharing 
Vertical power sharing is when the power is shared between the differentlevels of government, but the higher levels of government will have more say than the lower levels. The President will take advice from those beneath him, but ultimately the final decision, on any subjects related to the government, is down to him. The lower level organizations work under thehigher level organizations and are instructed what to do, to achieve the fair and correct running of the country
• Sharing between social groups 
Different social groups will have different needs, but they need to be able to share the load. The social groups will talk to each other to decide which elements of certain proposals should be given the go-ahead, and the fairest way to do this is in a democracy. The social groups will all elect someone to speak on their behalf, and generally, they should all be on an equal footing.
• Sharing between political parties 
The different political parties in a country should all have a say on how the country is run. The party in power is obviously the party that has the final decision, but the other political parties can affect what decisions are made if feelings and opinions are strong enough.

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explain legeslative,executivejudicary

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Different forms of power sharing in modern democracies:

Horizontal division of power: It is the sharing of power among the different organs of government. The division of government into the executive, the legislature and the judiciary is an example of horizontal division of power.In such a power sharing arrangement, different organs of government, placed at the same level, exercise different powers. This separation of powers ensures that no organ exercises unlimited power. Each organ checks the others, thereby putting in place a system of checks and balances.The division of power between the Council of Ministers headed by the Indian Prime Minister, the Parliament of India and the Indian Supreme Court is an example ofthis kind of power sharing.

Vertical division of power: It is the sharing of power among governments at different levels — a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. For example, in India, the Constitution defines the way power is to be sharedbetweenthe Central or Union government and the various State governments. There are certain matters on which only the Central government can take decisions, while there are others on which onlyan individual state government has an exclusive right for decision making.

Division of power among social groups: Power can also be shared among different groups which differ socially. The system of 'community government' in Belgium is an example of this type of power division. This government is elected by people belonging to one language community (Dutch, French and German-speaking), and has the power to take decisions regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

The system of reserved constituencies in India is another example.

Division of power between political parties, pressure groups and movements: Political parties are the organisations which aim to control power by contesting elections. In a democracy, citizens have the freedom to choose among the various contenders for power (the different political parties or the different alliances comprising political parties). Such a freedom of choice entails competition among the different parties, which in turn ensures that power does notremain in one hand, and is shared among different political parties representing different ideologies and social groups.

Pressure groups and movements also share governmental power, either through participation in governmental committees or by influencing the decision-making process.

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thanx for telling the answer

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Forms of power sharing:- 1.horizontal distribution of power (System of check and balance) In this type of power sharing, power is shared among different organs of government at same level. Such a separation secure that none of the organ can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the other and this result in balance of power among various institutions .that's why it is also called system of check and balance. E.g.the Bombay high court ordered the Maharashtra state government to immediately take action and improve living conditions for the 2000 odd children at seven children's homes in Mumbai. 2. Vertical distribution of power (Federal division of power) In this type of power sharing the power is shared among different levels of the government. Power is divided among central government and provincial government or local government .this type of government is called federal government and that's why it is also called federal division of power. E.g.India 3. Power sharing among different social groups. E.g.government of bihar has given rights to minority people for jobs opportunity. 4.power sharing among political parties ,pressure groups and movementsmovements E.g.jdu combines with congress and have a common list of candidates in next parliamentary election.
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so actually different forms of power sharing are 4 r8 ??
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